Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist Research Paper

Philosophy - animal rights by Peter Singer Essay

Reasoning - basic entitlements by Peter Singer - Essay Example So as to demonstrate the emptiness of this ‘speciesism’, Singer gives the case of the historical backdrop of bondage. The White slave proprietors never took the sufferings of the Black slaves into thought on the grounds that their ethical concerns were constrained to White individuals (135). In this way, as indicated by him, if ‘racism’ isn't good, ‘speciesism’ too is shameless. Furthermore, Singer opines that creatures have interests since they have sentiments like agony (135). Additionally, Singer brings up creatures have equivalent rights regardless of their absence of relational abilities and knowledge since neurotics and babies also appreciate equivalent rights. The researcher says that balance in quality is certifiably not a vital factor for giving virtue to nonhuman things. He guarantees that even inside the human species, there is wide dissimilarity in characteristics like insight, physical quality, capacity to impart, etc. In any case, the issue with Singer’s sentiment is that in his push to secure basic entitlements, he overlooked the way that people also are creatures with the option to ensure their own advantages like every other creature do. It is for Singer to show a cow or a goat that attempts to save some grass for another species before filling its own stomach. The mix-up with Singer’s conclusion is that he neglected to recognize the way that every single propelled specie exploit the conditions to advance their own government assistance. Vocalist concedes the way that there are irritations in nature. At that point he needs to concede that people are simply one more gathering of bugs that exploits the reasonable conditions to develop. This is the law of nature. Another powerlessness of his feeling is that he has blended ethical quality in with nature. The negligible certainty is that ethical quality is only a social develop which is absolutely focused on human government assistance. Additionally, the idea of profound quality, as he concedes, isn't concrete. It shifts every once in a while, and populace to populace. As per the

The Well-Readheads Help You Cope with the Holidays

The Well-Readheads Help You Cope with the Holidays RJS: Well, my little snuggle bug, it’s the most wonderful time of the year again: the season of lights and spiked cider and compulsory family togetherness. I love me some holidays, but sometimes they can be stressful. And since it’s frowned upon to start drinking at breakfast, we need some books to help us cope with family craziness. What’s your flavor: books about families that are even crazier than yours, or good old-fashioned escapism? LH: I have the perfect book to start with: the aptly-named All Families Are Psychotic by Douglas Coupland, a darkly funny novel of a seriously messed-up family that will make your situation look a little more normal. The members of the Drummond family are reuniting after a long estrangement but absence doesn’t necessarily make the heart grow fonder. This is not just my favorite of his books, but it’s one of my favorite books, period. RJS: Maggie O’Farrell’s latest novel Instructions for a Heatwave might be set in the middle of a sweltering summer, but the dysfunctional Riordan family is chillingly realistic. When Gretta Riordan’s husband of four decades goes out for the paper one morning and doesn’t return, the children gather at the family home to air some long-hidden dirty laundry and try to figure out where their father went. I read it on a family beach trip this summer, and I can vouch for its ability to take you away from wherever you are and transport you to 1976 London. LH: Yes! I love that book. And it takes place on the day I was born. RJS: While we’re talking about the-gang-gets-back-together family stories, we also have to mention Seating Arrangements. Family dysfunction during a wedding weekend! That’ll give you some perspective when you think holidays are hard. LH: I love that book, too! And I’m super-excited for her new one. Moving on, a recent favorite of mine is Handling Sin by Michael Malone. It’s one of the funniest books I’ve read. This is a madcap road trip book, in which a free-spirited, ailing old man runs away from home, and tells his son that he will come back if his son completes a set of tasks that require him to drive around the country. There are some of the craziest, zaniest characters and encounters in this book. It’s my go-to book at the store when someone requests a “funny” read. RJS: My go-to funny rec, particularly for people who work in books, is How I Became a Famous Novelist by Steve Hely. A dude sets out to write a bestseller based on advice from formulaic books, and it actually works. It’s a hilarious satire about some of the all-too-true patterns in publishing, and it’s a rollicking good time. In a totally different vein, I want to love on Rosie Schaap’s memoir Drinking With Men. If you’ve gotta booze your way through the holidays, Rosie Schaap is the best company you could ask for. Do you have any fun favorite memoirs for holiday reading? LH: First I would just like to point out for the court that I love both those books! (Are we the same person?) Also, if you want to know how NOT to behave at a wedding, read the Hely. I’m cringing just thinking about it. As far as memoirs, if you like fun family nuttiness, there’s one of my favorites, Five-Finger Discount: A Crooked Family History by Helene Stapinski. In it, Stapinski recounts how she grew up in a family of criminals in Jersey City during the height of the city’s political corruption. I absolutely adore this book to pieces. Getting back to fictional families, there’s The Family Fang by Kevin Wilson, one of the oddest. The Fangs are into staging performance art pieces, and the parents are really wacky. The Fang children just want to be normal, but have to go along with their parents’ crazy ideas. There are some laugh-snort moments, for sure. RJS: Family Fang is so, so great, and it’s going to be a movie starring Jason Bateman and Nicole Kidman, and I just cannot contain my muppet flail excitement about that. LH: Holy cats, that will be crazy! RJS: And so awesome. I really hope they cast some kids as well and do flashbacks to the Fang family’s bonkers childhood. Speaking of bonkers childhood, maybe our readers should take David Sedaris or Augusten Burroughs along for their holiday travel? LH: Any of their books of essays will do, but they both have hilarious holiday-related books, too: Holidays on Ice and You Better Not Cry, respectively. I can’t speak for the Burroughs, but I know the Sedaris is worth getting on audio no one reads their own work better than he does. Now, for more dysfunctional fictional fun, I just read Josie and Jack by Kelly Braffet, and it was fantastic! It’s about a brother and sister whose beastly professor father mostly leaves them to their own devices in a big rambling house, stopping by just on weekends to home-school them. This book is delightfully smart and disturbing in equal measure. Loved, loved, loved it. It’s a little Cement Garden, a little Secret History and a whole lot of awesome. Now, kitten cheeks, there’s another effed-up family favorite that’s about to be a new Lifetime movie, right? RJS: No book puts the fun in dysfunctional quite like Flowers in the Attic. Lifetime’s movie remake (with Ellen Burstyn, Heather Graham, and Mad Men’s Kiernan Shipka) looks deliciously dark and twisty. It comes out in January, so you can dig out your tattered copy from middle school and give it a re-read over the holidays under the guise of brushing up before the flick. It doesn’t get any weirder than this, so we’d better call it a day. Tell us, readers, what will you be reading this holiday season? _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

The Social Lives Of Adolescents And Adults With Autism Essay

A study by Orsmond, Krauss, and Seltzer in 2004 sought to examine the social lives of adolescents and adults with Autism. Specifically, they researched the participants’ peer relationships, the participants’ involvement in social activities, and what individual and environmental factors concerning the participants affect peer relationships and involvement in activities. They hypothesized that the participants with more developed verbal skills, fewer social impairments and fewer disruptive behaviors would have a greater number of social interactions. They also expected that participants in inclusive educational setting would have more social interactions and that a socially engaged mother would also cause more social interactions among the participants. Based on this study, the results were that the difficulty people with Autism have in participating developing and maintaining friendships begins at childhood and persists into adulthood. They also found that participants in segregated educational environments had the same amount of peer relationships as participants in inclusive educational environments; therefore in this study, forming peer relationships seems to be based purely on individual characteristics. However, participation in social and recreational activities seem to be based on both environmental--if the mother partook in similar activities-- and individual characteristics. These findings are important in the context of my study because it shows the peerShow MoreRelatedServices For Adults With An Autism Spectrum Disorder978 Words   |  4 PagesI read and analyzed the following texts: 1. Services for Adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder by Paul T. Shattuck, Anne M roux, Laura E Hudson, Julie Lounds Taylor, Matthew J Maenner, Jean-Francois Trani Published October 2011 2. National Autism Indicators Report by Anne M. Roux, MPH, MA; Paul T. Shattuck, PhD, MSSW; Jessica E. Rast, MPH; Julianna A. 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The incidenceRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1801 Words   |  8 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), and is associated with impairments in executive functions. Autism Spectrum Disorder is also defined as a group of disorders that impair an individual’s ability to understand and engage in the give-and-take of social relationships. (Boyd, 2015) Autism is a well-knownRead MoreInterview, Observation Report On Mental Services Clinic Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems, Intellectual disabilities or Autism, Disruptive external behavior, ADHD, and ODD by performing assessment and therapy. The program is a training and research clinic; therefore, it is designed to train graduate students at the clinic to perform assessment and therapy. The graduate students deliver most of the services under the direct supervision of licensed and doctoral level supervisors. At the UHCL PSC, children (as young as 2 years old) and adults are seen. The clients are typically thoseRead MoreBenefits Of Obtaining A Lasting Relationship With A Dog999 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in mental health, social health, and physical health. By acquiring a relationship with a dog a person can seek out meaningful companionship that they are not obtaining from being in a human relationship (Kurdek, 2009 ). One reason a person may turn to a dog for company is due to a recent loss of a loved one (Kurdek, 2009). In a study by Kurdek (2009) it was shown that dogs could help people in an elderly care facility by providing them with social interactions. The social interactions created helpedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism is a brain development disorder that a child is usually born with. The disorder was first described in 1943 (Goldman, 2003, p.852). It is know to affect about 1 in 1000 people in the U.S and is more common in males than in females (Goldman, 2003, p.852). The symptoms are very widely ranged. In general, there is failure to develop language and communication skills, unable to form normal social relation ships, and a need to follow a routine. Symptoms Many childrenRead MoreLanguage Is Not Static, It Is Capable Of Change Over Time And Distance Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesproper English’, is the formal written language used for academia, expected in universities, research papers and professional workplaces. Often, different social class and age groups within a country or community will speak in a different manner, such as a dialect or slang, reflecting upon their individual situation and that of their family and social groups. Every country, community, cultural group and individual uses and refines their own dialect of English to communicate effectively with those aroundRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorders Essay1848 Words   |  8 Pages Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited

Essay on The Age of Alexander - 1793 Words

The Age of Alexander The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 B.C., the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia. The wars of the Diadochi marked, it is true, the breakup of Alexanders brief empire, but the establishment of Macedonian dynasties in Egypt, Syria, and Persia (the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae) helped to mold the world of that day into a wider unity of trade and learning. The Hellenistic period was an international, cosmopolitan age. Commercial contacts were widespread and peoples of many ethnic and religious backgrounds merged in populous urban centers. Advances were made in various†¦show more content†¦B.C. Pergamum was also prominent, and there were other cities of influence (e.g., Dura). In the Hellenistic period, although the cities were no longer independent, as they had been in the Hellenic era, they were the centers of trade and craft industry. It was in the cities that the descendants of the Greco-Macedonian conquerors became a professional class of rulers and soldiers and merchants, which provided a cultural and economic bond throughout the area, even though political unity did not survive the death of Alexander. Among the Greek ruling class, the old loyalties to the Polis had given way to a dedication to the profession. As the administrators and the merchants of their world, in spite of being in the minority, they had an influence out of proportion to their numbers. The city of Alexandria, founded by Alexander, located on the Mediterranean at the mouth of the Nile, became the most prominent center of commerce and learning. The library in Alexandria became the depository for recording many of the literary and scientific achievements of the time. Although women continued to have a subordinate status, some lucky few of the wealthy and ruling classes, would have the opportunity to become involved in commerce or in intellectual activities. For theShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander657 Words   |  3 Pages The book â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness† (â€Å"The New Jim Crow†) hits on many significant points concerning the criminal justice system and the systemically racial elements that have been perpetuated through various laws. As argued in the book, the â€Å"War on Drugs† has been used to perpetuate racial discrimination against African Americans since the 1980s and the Reagan Administration. My personal reflection on the book comes from a legal perspective. Within theRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander1665 Words   |  7 PagesIn the new proactive book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander dives into the not so complicated racial issues that plague this country that we tend to ignore. 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Computer Fraud †an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag Free Essays

string(101) " have grabbed some most advanced computer techniques, together with some abuse techniques obviously\." Information system has been playing a grave essential role in daily business activities. Over the past decade, the detection rate of computer crimes concerning information system attacks has risen sharply. According to Kunz and Wilson (2004), reported computer crimes have been septupled from 2000 to 2003 and leads to inestimable economic loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Fraud – an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, themes on information security, especially the prevention of computer fraud, have attracted increasingly attentions (Romney and Steinbart, 2009). However, it seems that perpetrators can always find new techniques to theft invaluable business secrets stored, processed or protected by those information systems. Moreover, some abuse techniques have been used in economic espionage, which causes a yearly loss of $250 billion (ibid). Oracle Corp vs. SAP AG could be one of the relating cases occurred in the recent 2007 and is not yet closed till present. This essay will firstly introduce the Case. Then by using Fraud Triangle, analyze the reason of SAP’s commitment of computer fraud and data theft. Finally, suggestions on how to improve the security of company’s information system will be addressed with some reflections of the Case. It has been reported that the world’s software giant SAP AG was sued by its largest competitor, Oracle Corporation, for computer fraud and data theft in March 2007 (Anon, 2010). In the Complaint, Oracle Corporation (2007) stated that in November 2006, unusual heavy download activities were spotted on Customer Connection, a website Oracle used to serve its customers. The uncovered access originated from an IP address in one of SAP’s braches with log-in IDs of PeopleSoft and J. D. Edwards customers. It is discovered later that TomorrowNow and SAP TN, two SAP subsidiaries, committed a series of unauthorized access to Oracle’s customer service system and more than 10,000 illegal download activities. Mass of important materials, including copyrighted software codes and confidential documents was theft. In this way, SAP was capable of establishing a service library for PeopleSoft and J. D. Edwards products, and launched a marketing campaign to snatch Oracle’s customers. The fraud resulted in Oracle’s 120 copyrights infringed and posed the threats of losing 358 customers (Kawamoto, 2007). On 24 November 2010, the U. S. Federal District Court for Northern California announced that Oracle won the Case with SAP liable for $1. 3 billion compensation. As Slappendel (2010) points out, this is the largest amount ever awarded in copyright infringement cases. The core reason may lies that the verdict is based upon the fair market value of the licenses for utilizing those resources instead of Oracle’s profit loss. After the verdict, SAP’s stock price has been falling significantly and TomorrowNow had to be shut down (Anon, 2011; Team, 2010). Although SAP accepted the liability and apologized for its inappropriate behavior, the company has been arguing that the penalty was contrary to the reality of the damage caused by the fraud (Margan, 2011). It is also reported that SAP has filed motions to the Court and therefore SAP’s computer fraud case does not seem to end at present. The action of data theft has brought unnecessary troubles to both SAP and Oracle. In order to prevent computer fraud effectively, it is essential to fully examine the reason of SAP’s behavior. Fraud Triangle will be used as an analysis tool. It is estimated by Romney and Steinbart (2009) that Fraud Triangle consists of the three normal conditions for fraud to occur: pressures, opportunities and rationalizations. Figure 1 shown below is a brief summary of Fraud Triangle in the Case. 5. Homely meals in software industry FIGURE 1 FRAUD TRIANGLE OF SAP Pressure Opportunity Rationalization 2. Oracle’s insufficient security management 4. Theft by other companies (i. e. Siebel Systems) before 1. Financial – fierce competition in the market 3. Few evidence – may not be spotted Firstly, SAP is probably under the severe pressure of maintaining the top one throne in the software market. During the last decade, competition between Oracle and SAP has greatly increased and the rivalry has developed into a feud. Particularly in 2004, Oracle began a series of acquisitions, aiming at increasing the share of enterprise applications market, where SAP owned the leadership (PeopleSoft, 2011). After realizing the seriousness, SAP fighted back by offering special discounts to woo customers, and thus a cruel price battle initiated. However, the strategy did not seem to rescue much, SAP’s market share remains downward sloping (Team, 2010). Currently, Oracle and SAP are vying for the third-party enterprise software support and maintenance market. The enormous pressure of winning may contribute to the commitment of computer fraud, especially for spying the business secrets of the largest competitor. The following two external conditions may possibly be linked to SAP’s unwise actions: Oracle’s insufficient security management and an opportunity to conceal the fraud. Oracle has provided the Customer Connection as a supplementary of its service to the customers. However, the semi-open system, which stores countless precious information, does not appear to be equipped with superior security management techniques. A huge defect exists that allows easy access to resources supposed to be protected from outsiders. In terms of the flaw, Oracle may be partially liable of its loss. Even though Oracle’s detection of abnormal access is relatively sensitive, it could not take a step ahead of the crime. Besides, Oracle’s dependence on service website offers the probability to conceal fraud, since comparably less evidence would be left for detection. With technology improvement, computer fraud may become far more difficult to spot in the future (The National Fraud Center, Inc. , 2000). Moreover, the experience of being a casualty of computer crimes might have lifted SAP’s rationalization of being a perpetrator. It is recorded that in 1999, SAP filed a lawsuit against Siebel Systems and claimed of being a victim of the so-called White Collar Crime (Kawamoto, 2007). Additionally, it may be reasonable to recognize the fact that most people in software industries regard the occurrence of computer fraud as homely meals, because almost all businesses in this market have grabbed some most advanced computer techniques, together with some abuse techniques obviously. You read "Computer Fraud – an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag" in category "Papers" As a result, SAP’s fraud behavior may not be that severe in the eyes of the decision makers. Hence, accelerate the germination of computer crimes. After fully assessment of why SAP may err, suggestions on how to improve the security of enterprise’s information system will be addressed with reflections of the Case. In the perspective of prevention, several control methods could be considered to raise the security capability of the enterprise’s information systems. First of all, persuade or enforce all employees, even the customers, to use strong password to access to company’s database or service websites (Standler, 2007). Requirement of password changes at regular time intervals would be necessary to prevent some former employees of customers’ company from entering the system, which may exactly Oracle needs. Secondly, restrict physical and remote access to system resources unless the both the log-in ID and IP address are authorized (Backhouse and Dhillon, 1995). Thirdly, safeguard and double encrypt all data and programs. For example, materials on the Customer Connection could be double encrypted so that without further encoding, the downloaded materials would remain useless for non-employees or non-customers. Besides, techniques such as anti-virus software and firewall could to some extent protect the system from worms and viruses attack. Although using the above prevention method could avoid some dispensable loss, perpetrators penetrate everywhere (Romney and Steinbart, 2009). Therefore, an efficient detection system should be ready for any possible incidences. The establishment of a fraud hotline is recommended, which contains the employment of computer security officers, consultants and forensic specialists. The control system will be engaged in monitoring all malicious actions and reporting back as soon as possible. In the Case, Oracle took advantage of its superior detection system and made SAP’s fraud evidence traceable and suppressible (Oracle Corporation, 2007). Despite prevention and detection, there are other preparations could be made ahead of the arrival of any disasters with the intention of reducing the loss caused by computer fraud (Kunz and Wilson, 2004). These routines mainly concern insurance application, recovery plans constitution, material back-up within the whole information system. Furthermore, timely crime reporting to the government crime center and effectively legislative tool using might be helpful for retrieving fairly compensations from perpetrators, as it has been done by Oracle Corporation in the Case. Some ERP market analysts even suspect that the Lawsuit could be a sort of Oracle’s strategy to decrease the competition in the third-party enterprise software maintenance and support market. Whatever the original purpose is, Oracle has achieved benefit from winning the Lawsuit for the current period. To conclude, SAP’s situation has satisfied all of the three conditions presented in Fraud Triangle, some of which heavily depend on industrial environment as well as the design of Oracle’s information system. Thus, objectively, SAP may not liable for all the censure, though it really has been occupied in illicit competition using computer fraud. Oracle could be considered partially responsible for its loss and the sentenced $1. 3 billion seems somewhat too cruel for SAP to bear. Although some experts may argue that the breach of intellectual property is unforgivable culpable negligence, it looks possible for the Court to adjust the amount of penalty towards a more realistic number. Since the next round hearings will not start until July 2011, all the outcomes remain unpredictable (Margan, 2011). It is undeniable that, however, computer fraud could bring about huge losses for the entire society, especially when it is used in economic espionage. In the speeding advancing information century, nearly all of the impossible could be made possible. Consequently, it seems that only the creation of a healthy competition environment, emphasis on business ethics and proper education may aid in bringing down the upward climbing computer crime rate. REFERENCE Anon. (2007) SAP-We Will Aggressively Defend Against Oracle‘s Claims [online]. Ziff Davis Media, United Press International. Available at: http://www. hysorg. com/pdf94025193. pdf [30 April 2011] Anon. (2010) Oracle Awarded $1. 3bn In SAP Data Theft Case [online] 24 November. BBC News. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-11826167 [28 April 2011] Anon. (2011) SAP Posts Sharp Profit Drop Due To Oracle Lawsuit [online] 26 January. Available at: http://www. physorg. com/news/2011-01-sap-sharp-profit-due-oracle. htm l [29 April 2011] Backhouse,J. and Dhillon,G. (1995) Managing Computer Crime – A Research Outlook [online]. Computer and Security: 14(1995) 645-651. Available at: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? ob=MImg_imagekey=B6V8G-3Y45T96-1J-1_cdi=5870_user=5939061_pii=0167404895000240_origin=gateway_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1995_sk=999859992view=cwchp=dGLzVzz-zSkWAmd5=dc84aa4043457d125f6d40af14107a14ie=/sdarticle. pdf [29 April 2011] Granick,J. S. (n. d. ) Faking It: Calculating Loss In Computer Crime Sentencing [online]. Available at: http://infosecon. net/workshop/pdf/FakingIt. granick. pdf [1 May 2011] Kawamoto,D. (2007) Oracle Sues SAP On Spying Charges [online] 22 March. CNET News. Available at: http://news. cnet. com/Oracle-sues-SAP-on-spying-charges/2100-1014_3-6169729. tml [28 April 2011] Kunz,M and Wilson,P. (2004) Computer Crime And Computer Fraud [online]. Available at: http://www. montgomerycountymd. gov/content/cjcc/pdf/computer_crime_study. pdf [1 May 2011] Margan,T. P. (2011) Oracle, SAP Still Going At It Over TomorrowNow [online] 28 February. Available at: http://www. itjungle. com/tfh/tfh022811-story07. html [29 April 2011] Niccolai,J. (2010) SAP: Court Lops $500M Off Oracle’s Potential Damages [online] November. IDG News. Available at: http://www. pcworld. com/businesscenter/article/210244/sap_court_lops_500m_off_oracles_potential_damages. tml [1 May 2011] Oracle Corporation (2007) Oracle Vs. SAP Lawsuit Complaint [online]. Available at: http://graphics8. nytimes. com/packages/pdf/business/20070323oracle. pdf [28 April 2011] Panorama Consulting Group. (2010) Clash Of The Titans: An Independent Comparison Of SAP Vs. Oracle [online]. Available at: http://panorama-consulting. com/resource-center/clash-of-the-titans-sap-vs-oracle/ [10 April 2011] PeopleSoft (2011) Oracle vs. SAP [online] 1 May. Available at: http://www. peoplesoft-planet. com/Oracle-vs-SAP. html [1 May 2011] Romney,M. B. and Steinbart,P. J. 2009) Accounting Information Syste ms, 11th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Shaw,E. et al. (n. d. ) The Insider Threat To Information Systems: The Psychology Of The Dangerous Insider [online]. Security Awareness Bulletin: No. 2-98. Available at: http://www. pol-psych. com/sab. pdf [29 April 2011] Slappendel,S. (2010) Oracle v. SAP: Highest Damages Awarded For A Copyright Infringement Lawsuit [online]. Available at: http://www. jeffreyneu. com/20101124282/oracle-v-sap-highest-damages-awarded-for-a-copyright-infringement-lawsuit. html [28 April 2011] Standler,R. B. (2007) Tips For Avoiding Computer Crime [online] 25 November. Available at: http://www. rbs2. com/cvict. htm [29 April 2011] Team,T. (2010) SAP-Oracle Lawsuit Could Weigh On SAP Market Share, Stock Price [online] 14 December. Available at: https://www. trefis. com/company? article=30677# [29 April 2011] The National Fraud Center, Inc. (2000) The Growing Global Threat Of Economic And Cyber Crime [online] December. Available at: http://www. utica. edu/academic/institutes/ecii/publications/media/global_threat_crime. pdf [1 May 2011] APPENDIX: A COPY OF THE NEWS REPORT Oracle awarded $1. 3bn in SAP data theft case 24 November 2010 Last updated at 07:32 GMT Oracle chief executive Larry Ellison testified during the case European software giant SAP has been ordered by a Californian court to pay US rival Oracle $1. 3bn (? 820m) after losing a data theft case. The case revolved around customer-support documents and software stolen by SAP’s subsidiary TomorrowNow. Oracle alleged that the German company intended to use the data to poach the 358 customers involved, and demanded $1. 65bn compensation. SAP had claimed it owed only $40m, but the jury decided in Oracle’s favour. SAP said it was disappointed with the jury’s decision and would look to challenge the verdict. [We will] pursue all available options, including post-trial motions and appeal if necessary,† it said in a statement. It did, however, reiterate that it had made a mistake: â€Å"We regret the actions of TomorrowNow, we have accepted liability, and have been willing to fairly compensate Oracle†. ‘Big dreams’ Oracle co-president Safr a Catz expressed her satisfaction with the verdict: â€Å"For more than three years, SAP stole thousands of copies of Oracle software and then resold that software and related services to Oracle’s own customers. â€Å"The trial made it clear that SAP’s most senior executives How to cite Computer Fraud – an Analysis on Oracle Corp vs. Sap Ag, Papers

Medical Model versus Counseling Model

Medical model advantages This client would be well served by a medical model of treatment. The main reasons for such conclusion are numerous. The patient has never had neither psychological nor legal problems until he was arrested. Deep depression was the main reason for his illegal actions. Therefore, the prescribed medication had to help.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Model versus Counseling Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The depression began to deepen when Jed had to quit school and go for work to pay bills. Being treated positively by the medical model of treatment, Jed got necessary medicine aimed at reducing the signs of depression. Medicine was prescribed for relieving the mood change which caused thoughts of death and aroused depression. Moreover, attending special classes of psycho-education, Jed understood the main signs which could lead to deeper problems and depression. Therefore, ha ving been taught to recognize those signs of depression and being able to solve the problem by means of medicine, Jed is treated. The recovery process may take years, hoverer, the possibility to overcome the problems which prevent Jed from living happy life is his direct responsibility. Medical approach teaches him how to notice the signs of coming depression and prevent them. Medical approach is successful as its main idea is treating symptoms of depression and abnormal behavior. Curing the symptoms, Jed gets rid of thoughts about death and other depressive signs. The treatment of appetite disorders and hypersomnia can also promote general patients’ recovery. Depression is a medical problem and it is caused not only by the problems with the surrounding people and events, but also by means of the processes which in human organism. Reducing the impact of the symptoms (such as hypersomnia, worthlessness, increased appetite, and thoughts of death), it is possible to reduce the p roblem in general. Mental disorders which occur in Jed’s life are caused by means of specific chemical processes which take part in his brain. Being cured by means of a medical model, Jed is offered medicine aimed at stabilizing chemical processes in his organism and doctor’s support presupposed to predict and eliminate the cases of remission. Therefore, it may be concluded that treating the symptoms of depression by means of medicine, Jed is going to recover. A Counseling Model Using this particular approach for treating is much better as this client would not be well served by a medical model of treatment. An alternative model would be preferable because the causes of depression lay deeper than just in hypersomnia, increased appetite, worthlessness, and thoughts of death.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, it should be mentioned that these symptoms are the outc omes, not the reasons for depression. Curing the symptoms with the help of medical model, the desired outcome cannot be reached. Jed had psychological problems and curing the symptoms may lead to condition that is more depressed. Using counseling model, a patient communicate with the specialists and the real reasons of problem occurrence are revealed. Depression is not an ordinary problem, it is a mental disorder which should be treated by means of getting the roots of the disease (Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2010). The possibility to understand what caused the change in behavior and as a results a deep depression may be used for diagnosis. Only communication with the patient, his description of feelings, emotions, and associations may be useful. Medical approach tries to help a patient to forget the losses which caused depressed condition. This means that the real causes of the problem are never understood. Counseling approach faces the existing problems, helps understand the reasons of the losses and considers the problem deeper. Having come through the psychotherapy, Jed understood the main causes of existing problems. The lost marriage, the problems in the relationship with his daughter, and the loss of aspirations are caused by childhood psychological trauma his father applied on him. Psychological traumas got in childhood lay deep in Jed’s brain, that is why he has never thought that they could lead to such unpredicted circumstances. Medical approach explained the reasons of family problems by means of Jed’s actions caused in depressive condition, however, this is not true. Curing symptoms, medical approach failed to consider the main reasons of the problem Medicine can never eliminate the problem in this case, it can just be helpful for relieving the outcomes. Psychological traumas got in childhood can become the reasons for adult-oriented diagnoses (Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2010). Counseling helps Jed understand the roots of the problem, i t helps him look at the whole forest, not just notice one tree. This is the first step on the way to recovery. Still, much attention should be paid to this childhood trauma as in many cases the problem cannot be easily eradicated. Psychotherapy within counseling model is a correct decision. Communicating the problem, a patient gets rid of negative unconscious outcomes which prevent him from living a full and happy life. Therefore, the only conclusion is that alternative to medical model approach is the best way to cure depression and return a patient to ordinary everyday life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Model versus Counseling Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Butcher, J. N., Mineka, S., Hooley, J. M. (2010). Abnormal psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. This essay on Medical Model versus Counseling Model was written and submitted by user Blakely Dean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The 9 Best Film Schools in the US

The 9 Best Film Schools in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the past few years, applying to film school has gotten extremely competitive: top schools likeUSC’s School of Cinematic Arts now boast lower admission rates than the Ivies. Simultaneously,the number of film programs has grown- rising from about 300 in 2006 to almost 400 in 2010. With so many programs available and so much competition for the top spots, where should you apply? In order to help you find the right school for you, I’ve compiled a list of the best film schools in the US, based on my experience as a film student and actress in LA. How Is "Film School" Defined for This List? I’m categorizing film school as a school where film is a priority.These schools are either conservatories or have specialized film schools within a larger university. As a graduate of USC’s film school, I know from experience that going to film school has many advantages.You’ll be surrounded by students and teachers who will inspire you, help you with your projects, and will likely be your future colleagues.Furthermore, you’ll be at a college that doesn’t view your passion as simply an extracurricular. All that being said, you can get a film degree from other universities.However, this list is for students who are 100% sure they want to study film and are looking to be surrounded by like-minded students. The Evaluation Criteria for the Best Film Schools You should never look at rankings as fact- not even those from trusted industry sources like The Hollywood Reporter.Instead, you should use these articles as a jumping off point for your own college research.Also, whenever looking at a ranking list, you should find out how the rankings were determined. Right now, I’ll explain how I came up with this very unscientific list of top film schools.I began by restricting my search to colleges that prioritize film by only offering arts degrees or by having a specialized film school within the larger institution. Then, I took the following three criteria into consideration: #1: Ranking. I used ranking lists from respected industry papers such as The Hollywood Reporter as a starting point for my research. #2: On and Off-Campus Extracurricular Opportunities. Success in the entertainment industry depends a lot on who you know. In order to get to know more people (beyond your classmates and teachers), you need to have the opportunity to intern with production companies, studios, agencies, management companies, post-houses, casting offices, etc. Also, it’s important to have opportunities to make films and showcase your work in order to get your name out there and to get feedback. Does the school provide opportunities to make and screen student films? #3: Notable Alumni. How many alumni have risen to the top of their field? If a lot have, it means the school likely provided them with the resources (aka connections) and/or skills needed to succeed. I split this list into two tiers rather than ranking each school, since specific rankings are typically not that meaningful. What separates the Tier 1 schools is that they have the best reputation, provide the most extracurricular opportunities and have the longest lists of notable alumni.While the Tier 2 schools are also good, they don’t have the same industry connections and don’t have as many notable alumni as the Tier 1 schools. Consider attending a school in the heart of Hollywood! Tier 1 Film Schools Tier 1 includes the very best film schools in the US - these are extremely prestigious programs with many successful alums. University of Southern California’s School of Cinematic Arts I may be biased as an alum, but you’d be hard-pressed to find any ranking list that didn’t have USC near the top.The USC School of Cinematic Arts has more connections in the entertainment industry than all of the other schools combined (and a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in front of the school to prove it). USC's Los Angeles location helps make it a top film school. You're not just given internship opportunities: you also have opportunities to go to industry events (with students occasionally being offered free tickets to Hollywood premieres) and more potential to network with industry professionals. The School of Cinematic Arts is extremely selective, with only about 3% of applicants being admitted. There are separate undergraduate programs for animation, screenwriting, critical studies, media arts, interactive media, and film production. USC is arguably one of the more "practical" schools I'll discuss because it tries to prepare students for the changing medium (as it expands beyond typical movies to web series and virtual reality) by allowing students to take classeson new media. The list of notable alumni is incredibly long (George Lucas, Judd Apatow, Paul Feig, and many more), but even more impressive is thatbasically every Hollywood office I interned at employed at least one USC alum. The school provides access to great off-campus internships throughout the school year and summer at places such as NBCUniversal, Lionsgate, and Pixar.Additionally, there are many opportunities to screen your work. These opportunities include the prestigious USC First Look Film Festival, which is attended by many industry professionals. NYU Tisch I don’t know if NYU Tisch students heard this adage as well, but the saying in film circles goes, â€Å"If you want to make a living, go to USC; if you want to make art, go to NYU.† It has to do with Tisch's location: while L.A. is the center of commercial film and television, New York has become the center of independent filmmaking. Tisch's undergraduate program only offers three degrees: Film Television, Cinema Studies, and Dramatic Writing.NYUfocuseson churning out true auteurs who have strong visual storytelling skills, preparing themfor success in the independent filmmaking world. While NYU does have some famous alumni working in Hollywood such as Martin Scorsese and Spike Lee, it has a longer list of alumni working in the independent scene: Alfonso Gomez-Rejon (Me and Earl and the Dying Girl), Joel Coen (Fargo), documentarian Morgan Spurlock (Super Size Me), and experimental filmmaker George Von Steiner. Due to its New York location, NYU provides students with the opportunity to intern year-round at places such as Fox Searchlight, The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, and Late Show With Stephen Colbert.Also, the school provides tons of opportunities to screen your work, including at the Manoogian Screenings (held at the Directors Guild Theater in Los Angeles). New York is another great place to be for film! AFI AFI is always near the top of any film school ranking list. A true film conservatory without the traditional college experience and general education requirements, AFI offers certificates to those without undergraduate degrees and MFAs to college grads. The programs at AFI are extremely specialized (more so than any other school on this list), allowing students to graduate with unique degrees in Directing, Cinematography, Editing, Producing, Production Design, and Screenwriting. AFI boasts an impressive list of alumni including Darren Aronofsky, David Lynch, and Terrence Malick.Its LA locale allows students to intern throughout the year.That being said, as a conservatory, AFI prioritizes helping students make films rather than helping them get internship opportunities.However, making and screening films is equally important to interning. By making and screening films,students can see how audiences respond to their work and get better at their craft. AFI students make TONS of films. For example, in the first year alone, Directing, Producing and Cinematography students have the opportunity to make three narrative projects. Editing students work on up to six projects, Production Design students work on up to four, and Screenwriting students write at least one of short film and start working on a feature screenplay.There are prestigious screening opportunities such as at the famous AFI Film Festival. Some schools still use old school cameras! Tier 2 Schools Tier 2 schools also offer topfilm programs, but they don’t have as many industry connections or as many notable alumni as the Tier 1 schools. UCLA As an alum of their rival school, it pains me to include them on this list, but UCLA’s film school is top notch andvery competitive, with only about 30 students admitted each year. UCLA is less specialized than the other schools on this list, only offering undergraduates a generalized Film, Television, and Digital Media degree.Students do pick concentrations within the degree, but not until spring of their junior year; concentrations include Film Production, Documentary, Screenwriting, Animation, Digital Media, or Cinema Media Studies. Just a few of UCLA's famous alumni include Francis Ford Coppola, Alexander Payne, and Rob Reiner.UCLA offers juniors and seniors the opportunity to intern year-round. Past students have interned at places such as NBCUniversal and Bad Robot. Chapman University Chapman’s film schoolgives studentsthe opportunity to specialize at the undergraduate level with unique degrees in Film Production, Digital Arts, Creative Producing, Television Writing, Screenwriting, New/Broadcast Journalism and Documentary.This makes Chapman a great option for high school students who know what niche of the film industry they would like to partake in before entering college. The school boasts a handful of notable alumni such as The Amazing Race producer Darren Bunkley, Masters of Sex editor Rebekah Parmer, and Dear White People director Justin Simien. Unlike other schools on this list, Chapman has its own production company, Chapman Filmed Entertainment, which gives students experience in making, marketing and distributing films. This is an incredible opportunity that most students don't get while in school; it allows them to learn the ins and outs of fundraising, marketing, and distribution in addition to production. Chapman offers some screening and internship opportunities though not as many as other schools.Its location in Orange County, about a 45-minute to two-hour drive to LA depending on traffic, makes it difficult to intern during the school year. Loyola Marymount University (LMU) LMU’s School of Film and Televisionallows students to get specialized degrees in Production, Animation, Screenwriting, Film Studies, or Recording Arts.It’s one of a handful of schools with the Recording Arts degree, making it a perfect choice for students who know they want to pursue careers as sound editors, sound mixers, or sound designers. It has some well-known alumni such as James Bond franchise producer Barbara Broccoli, The Simpsons producer David Mirkin, American Horror Story writer/producer James Wong, and Hunger Games director Francis Lawrence. LMUrecognizes the importance of internships and partners with big companies including Disney, Sony, NBCUniversal and Paramount to provide internships to about 100 LMU students each year. Most film schools provide you with top of the line equipment. Boston University Boston University’s Film Television Departmentonly offers more general Film TV or Cinema Media Studies degrees at the undergraduate level. However, BU provides students with a well-rounded degree offering courses inproduction (directing, editing, cinematography, sound design, short film production), film and television screenwriting, producing, management, and film studies. For students who are unsure about film school, BU is a great option because you don't officially declare your major until spring of your sophomore year, so you can test out film and pick another major if you don't like it. BU has a handful of famous alumni including Joe Roth, Howard Stern, and Nina Tassler.Recognizing its sub-optimal location andhow crucial LA connections are to future success, BU openedan LA campus that over 200 students visit each year.While in LA, BU students partake in internships at companies such as The Jim Henson Company. California Institute of the Arts CalArts is a conservatory that was founded in 1961 by Walt Disney and is well-known for producing A-list animators like John Lasseter. In addition to two animation degrees (Charaction Animation and Experimental Animation), however, CalArts also offers a Film and Video degree. Since CalArts is primarily lauded for its animation programs, the majority of its famous alumni (with the exception of Tim Burton) are animators:Frozen co-director Chris Buck, Big Hero 6 director Don Hall, and Inside Out director Pete Docter. The school's location about 45 minutes outside of LA makes it difficult to intern during the school year. However, CalArts does do its best to help students get credit for internships during the school year and summer. Emerson College Emerson has also recognized the importance of LA connections for students, opening a campus in Hollywood and hosting an annual Los Angeles-based film festival.Emerson is the only school in the country to offer a comedy arts degree, making it a great choice for students who want to work exclusively in comedy filmmaking. The school boasts some well-known alumni such as New Regency's Pam Abdy, DreamWorks' Holly Bario, Sony's Andrea Giannetti, Viacom's Doug Herzog.The school provides students with excellent screening opportunities such as at the Los Angeles Emerson Film Festival. Which of These TopFilm Schools Is the Best Choice for You? Just because, say, AFI is a highly reputable film school doesn't mean that you should automatically want to go there. It’s a tiny school with a very intense program, which may not be the best fit for all students. Here are some questions to ask when trying to pick which film school is right for you. Which Area Do You Want to Specialize In? So you’re interested in film - do you want to do animation or screenwriting? Directing or production design? Look into the programs and see what specialties are offered.For example, CalArts would be a better choice than AFI if you want to do animation since AFI doesn’t even offer an animation specialty. At this point, you might not know what you want to specialize in, and that’s okay.I had no idea which aspect of film I loved the most when I applied to film school.If you’re in this boat, you should apply to a program with a more generalized film production program (such as USC, UCLA, Emerson, BU, LMU, and NYU) that’ll allow you to experiment with different roles on set.You wouldn’t want to be accepted as aScreenwritingstudent at AFI, only to then realize you actually want to be a cinematographer. What Opportunities Are There Outside the Classroom? I touched on this above, but make sure you go to a school where the opportunities fit your interests.If you want to work as an agent, then USC, which provides internship experiences at agencies, would be a better fit than AFI.Extracurriculars are where you get your experience, so make sure you’ll be getting experience that aligns with your interests. What’s the School Like? Is it big or small? Is it a conservatory or is it at a large college?If you dread the idea of a big school, don’t go to a big school.If you’d dread being surrounded by a sea of students and going to USC football games, then you probably shouldn’t attend USC. If you get overwhelmed by intensity, then a conservatory like AFI may be a bad choice.AFI is famous for its "narrative workshops," during which students are required to sit silently as their peers harshly critique their projects.It’s scary, and has led to many students dropping out and fleeing to law school. Pick a school where you will feel comfortable and at home so that you can thrive. If this is the end goal,then film school is where you should go! What’s Next? Excited to attend one of the best film schools? Read our article on how to get into film school for tips on your application. Most of these schools require an ACT or SAT score with your application. Get help studying for these tests with our ultimate SAT study guide and study guides for ACT Reading, Writing, English, Math, and Science. Taking the ACT or SAT really soon? Check out our guide to cramming for the SATor our guide to cramming for the ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

20 Largest Book Publishers in 2019 That Every Author Should Know

20 Largest Book Publishers in 2019 That Every Author Should Know The Largest Book Publishers in 2019 Modern publishing is a tricky game - especially when trying to figure out the biggest names within that game. Most major publishers are part of a larger media conglomerate, and a search for the year's largest book publishers will often yield companies that work with  other forms of content rather than books.So to help you zero in on the prize, we've published this guide to the largest contemporary book publishers - i.e. no companies that mainly publish magazines or highly specialized materials, such as instruction manuals. We have included educational and journal publishers, which are often linked to traditional literary publishers and may be relevant to our readers. But other than that, all these companies work with the kinds of books you’d find in bookstores.Without further ado, here they are: the 20 largest book publishers in 2019 according to recent data, along with brief profiles of who they are and what they do. (To learn how to get published by one of them, check ou t this post.) Who are the biggest book publishers in the game? Find out here!  Ã°Å¸â€œâ€" The 20 largest publishers in 20191. Penguin Random House (Big 5 Publisher)💠° Annual revenue: $3.3 billion 📇 Notable imprints: Alfred A. Knopf, Crown Publishing, Viking Press 📚 Biggest titles of 2018: Becoming by Michelle Obama, Educated by Tara Westover, and  Born a Crime by Trevor NoahFormed in 2013 through the merger of Penguin Books and Random House, Penguin Random House (PRH) is not only a Big 5 publisher - it's considered to be the biggest publishing house in the industry. It has over 200 divisions and imprints, in addition to those listed above. PRH itself is jointly owned by multinational companies Pearson PLC and Bertelsmann, accounting for a rather substantial sum of their finances each year. In terms of actual publishing stats, PRH puts out over 15,000 books a year and sells about 800 million copies of print, audio, and ebooks annually.2. Hachette Livre (Big 5 Publisher)💠° Annual revenue: $2.7 billion 📇 Notable imprints: Grand Central Publishing, Little, Brown and Company, Mulholland Books 📚 Biggest titles of 2018: The President is Missing by Bill Clinton and James Patterson, Calypso by David Sedaris, and In Pieces by Sally FieldHachette Livre is another Big 5 publisher, the largest in France and one of the most prominent publishers in all of Europe. It’s owned by the Lagardà ¨re Group and encompasses over 150 imprints. Hachette Livre was officially formed in 1992, when the publishing assets of Hachette SA (its former parent company) were collected into a single subsidiary. HL has been growing ever since and currently publishes about 20,000 books a year - even more than PRH, for those keeping score.3. Springer Nature💠° Annual revenue: $1.9 billion 📇 Notable imprints: BioMed Central, Nature Research, Palgrave Macmillan 📚 Biggest titles of 2018: Academic journals on a range of scientific topicsSpringer Nature is a research and educational publisher formed through the merger of several groups, including Macmillan Education and Springer Science + Business Media. For those who think the former sounds familiar, Macmillan is another Big 5 publisher, just like the first two entries on our list. That’s why Springer’s assets are so sizable, despite being so recently established.Springer mostly publishes academic journals, but as with many educational publishers, it’s still closely linked to traditional publishing - namely, in the form of Macmillan Publishers proper (see #10 on this list).

Civil Rights Legislation and the Return of Status Essay

Civil Rights Legislation and the Return of Status - Essay Example These students would become known as the "Little Rock Nine."2 In 1960, students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. Their mistreatment was televised to the nation and prompted reflection. Also in North Carolina, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was founded at Shaw University to give black students direction in the civil rights movement.3 1963 was an active year on the Civil Rights timeline. Martin Luther King was arrested and jailed. There, he wrote his famous "Letter From the Birmingham Jail," voicing the familiar argument that is was a moral duty to disobey unjust laws. In May, Birmingham officials unleashed fire hoses and police dogs on black protestors, once again televised for the world to see. The Lincoln Memorial was the congregation point of 200,000 who joined the March on Washington, where King spoke his "I Have a Dream" speech. Violence continued in the streets of Birmingham when four young girls were killed in an explosion at the Sixteenth Baptist Church, the location of several civil rights meetings.4 Progress came in the form of the 24th Amendment in 1964, which abolished a poll tax designed to block blacks fro

Critical Appraisal of a Paper (Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Essay

Critical Appraisal of a Paper (Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection) - Essay Example The fact that the study population was adopted from the same hospital means that this study was committed to using its own approach, unique from other studies. The authors made a nice conclusion, which is all-inclusive. For instance, they have identified some of the limitations, which are present in their research. This helps the audience of this research to interpret the research findings in the context in which the researchers conducted it. Additionally, they have identified the importance of this study to their hospital, and as it applies to the wider society. This research is a great achievement, especially to the National Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria, considering that this is the first research of its kind to be conducted in this hospital. This will help the doctors and other caregivers to predict outcomes of different cases related with HIV and the two types of Hepatitis. Furthermore, although this research was not conducted in the communities, these findings can still be of help to the people in the grassroots level. This will also help in sensitizing the HIV infected members of the society to test for the different types of Hepatitis, considering the implications they have on HIV patients. This research article is not perfect, but it rates above average. The presentation is well above average, and the clarity is incredible. Additionally, the analysis of the research findings is in-depth, highly insightful, and quite easy to understand. Although this research presentation is quite commendable, there are some important aspects, which were omitted. First, the literature review section is missing. Normally, it is appropriate if a research includes a review of literature. In addition, considering that this was a first research in this field for this hospital, literature review would have helped this research through offering a direction, and predicting expected outcomes of the research. By comparing the works of other authors in the

Isers Act of Reading :: essays papers

Isers Act of Reading Critiquing a Critique: Wolfgang Iser’s The Act of Reading Texts on critical theory present an interesting challenge when one sits down to critique or review them. The purpose of these texts is to persuade the reader that all texts should be read and critiqued in the manner described within its pages. The process of evaluating such a book based on criteria that the reader has already established is made much more difficult by the fact that the focus of the book is to explain, in the majority of the cases, why the criteria being used is inferior to what the book itself recommends. How then, does one approach the problem that surrounds critiquing an instructional text on how to critique? The simplest way to approach the dilemma is to establish whether or not the points made by the author are valid, regardless of whether or not the reader agrees enough with the other to adopt his style of criticism. In this particular case, the author, Wolfgang Iser, is attempting to convince his readers that an approach he calls â€Å"aesthetic response† is the proper way to read and critique texts. Iser claims that his style is universal and can be applied to virtually all forms of writing. For this to be true, then one of the books written by Iser to help describe the process, The Act of Reading, should be able to validate his aesthetic response theory once it is read and critiqued by the manner described within the theory itself. Interestingly enough, the style of Iser’s book and the approach the author takes in explaining his theory to his readers run completely counter to the ideals of his theory. Iser’s aesthetic response theory contains is based on several points. First, the purpose of the reader is not to attempt to discover the single, hidden meaning within a text. The author backs up his position by providing this explanation: If the critic’s revelation of the meaning is a loss to the author†¦then meaning must be a thing which can be subtracted from the work. And if this meaning, as the very heart of the work, can be lifted out of the text, the work is then used up-through interpretation, literature is turned into an item for consumption. This is fatal not only for the text but also for literary criticism, for what can be the function of interpretation if its sole achievement is to extract the meaning and leave behind an empty shell?

Beginning the Audit Process

Beginning the Audit Report Peter Serunjoji ACC546 January 15, 2012 Arlette Peoples Beginning the Audit Report MEMORANDUM TO: Larry Lancaster, Chairman, President, and CEO of Apollo Shoes, Inc. FROM: Matrix Certified Public Accountants (MCPA) Inc. , DATE: January 15 2012 SUBJECT: Beginning the Audit Report (Engagement letter, Engagement checklist, Outline of timeframes and milestones of the audit) Dear Mr. Lancaster, This letter is to confirm the understanding of the arrangements for the objectives and terms of the upcoming auditing procedure for Apollo Shoes, Inc. Our firm is pleased to continue to work with your company and perform the audit of the year ending on December 31, 2011. Our PCA staff members would like to confirm the audit objectives, terms, limitations, and nature of the services provided for this engagement. The highlight of our services will cover auditing financial statements that include the income statement, balance sheets, statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flows. The financial audits will make sure that financial statements are presented according to General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Since investors, creditors, managers, and government agencies use these statements, it is very important for the auditor to ensure all financial statements conform to GAAP (Arens, Elder, & Beasley, 2006). The audit team will also examine and measure the operational performance by studying specific parts of the organization and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of operation activities on the financial statements. Our firm will gladly provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance services that are performed by professional auditors to enhance the credibility of nternal controls, IT systems, financial statements, compliance with regulation and human resource practices. Our auditors will express conclusion reports that will enhance the confidence of users, creditors, bankers, and management. One of the assurance services provided by our firm is attestation services. â€Å"An attestation service is a type of assurance service in which the CPA firm issues a report about the reli ability of an assertion that is made by another party. Attestation services fall in to four categories: audit of historical financial statements, effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, review of historical financial statements, and other attestation services that may be applied to a broad range of subject matter† (Arens, Elder,    & Beasley, 2006, p. 9). Our team will help to define material weaknesses in the internal controls that can occasionally create material misstatements in the financial statements. With the experience of our team, it is possible to determine whether deficiencies in the reports are significant enough to be considered material weaknesses. The team will first work with the high-risk areas that require additional attention. These areas are sales and sales allowances, accounts receivable, inventory, expenses, property and equipment purchases. We will report our opinion after we are done with all the tests. We will discuss our opinion with you if the result is qualified opinion or if we have any concerns with continuing this engagement. Auditors will obtain documentary evidence to support their testing for the internal control and the examination of all transactions to verify the sufficiency of the information. Our team will need to gain an understanding of your control structure and perform assessments to determine any control risks. However, auditors are not responsible for providing assurance on internal control or identifying significant deficiencies. In addition, auditors are not responsible for detecting errors or frauds that are immaterial to the financial statements. Auditors can provide a detailed examination of all transactions that are performed under a high risk of material errors and can notify the audit committee if any significant deficiencies are deducted. Apollo’s management is responsible to maintain effective internal control over financial reports and make sure the company complies with the laws and regulations. Our team demands that the management provide us with all financial records and related information. We will require that your management team provide us with a letter to confirm management responsibility for the preparation of a financial statement in conformity with GAAP and provide all information necessary in a timely basis for our audit process. The timing of the auditing process and the schedules are listed below for your review. The timely completion of this work will be at the end of our audit work. Our firm’s fees of the auditing process are to be estimated on a base of hourly rates. Our initial estimate of total fees, $250,000. 00, will be billed as work progresses. In the case of unusual circumstances, the fees may be adjusted to the new expansion of the engagement. Unless terminated, amended or otherwise superseded, this letter remains effective for the future years. If your company agrees to the terms and conditions of this engagement, we would like to ask you to sign this letter and return it to us and keep a copy for your references. We appreciate providing you with our services. Accepted: Sincerely Acknowledged on behalf of Apollo shoes Company By: ________________ Name and title Date: ______________                                                                                        Audit/Engagement Checklist | Processes | Yes | No | Initial | Date | Deciding    to accept the new client, Apollo | | | | | Find out why the client wants or needs an audit | | | | | Make sure that the client understands the terms of the engagement to avoid misunderstandings | | | | | Selecting the required audit specialists staff for the engagement | | | | | Deciding on a time for a meeting with the client to explain the objectives of the auditing process | | | | | Perform    investigation about the company to determine if there is any potential liability to work with them | | | | | Specify the service that is provided by the firm to the company | | | | | Assigning the appropriate staff to the engagement to meet the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards | | | | | The staff that are assigned to the engagement must have a good Understanding the client's business and industry | | | | | Make a visit to the client’s facilities to gain more understanding of its business | | | | | Find out if there is a related party to the client which has a combined business transactions | | | | | Request for the official record of the meetings of the board of directors and stockholders | | | | | Assess the risk that the business can face in the future | | | | | Make analyses and compare all the ratios to compare the client    to industry | | | | | Prepare all documents and paper work for all the steps and procedures that was done by the auditing team | | | | | Prepare final audit reports | | | | | Outline of Timeframes and Milestones for the Audit | | | | Start Date | Expected Completion date | Activity | | | | 1/17/2012 | 1/18/2012 | Meeting with the company board and discus the engagement objectives | 1/21/2012 | 1/23/2012 | Visit the facility | /25/20 12 | 1/31/2012 | Collecting information about the company’ structure including internal control | 2/2/2012 | 02/08/2012 | Requesting management report | 02/10/2012 | 02/15/2012 | Assess client business risk | 02/17/2012 | 02/27/2012 | Perform preliminary analytical procedures | 02/29/2012 | 03/115/2012 | Prepare audit reports | The 90 days time period may be adjusted to offset any delays beyond a contracting officer’s control. Some examples of these delays are delays in receiving the results of technical evaluation and delays in receiving reports from DCAA Reference Arens, A. A. , Elder, R. J. , & Beasley, M. S. (2006). Auditing and Assurance Services (11th Ed. ). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prestice Hall.

Dr. Entwistle s Psychology And Christianity With The...

Dr. Entwistle published IntegrativeApproaches to Psychology and Christianity with the intent of using the text for undergraduate coursework for students studying a wide variety of psychological forms. These forms of study include counseling and teaching as well as on the Graduate level for students studying Theology. The text begins with diverse worldviews intertwining Psychology and Christianity throughout various societies and each with its own deep rooted perspectives. Each culture has its own worldview regarding Psychology and Christianity together as one thought process and also taking each doctrine on its own. In the latter portion of the text there is much more detail regarding the integration of of those doctrines. Psychology, theology and the five paradigms which include Enemies, Spies, Colonialist, Natural Parties and Allies. These five paradigms, which are distinct on their own, have a well-defined approach to Psychology and theology. The truth of God s word and works being better understood with a better understanding of Psychology and theology. Entwistle (2004) states that â€Å"the book of God s word referred to the Bible, and the book of God s works reflects His deeds written throughout His creation† (p.166). Entwistle, (2004) also tells us that there are two books of God: his word and His works. It is Psychology that deals with God s works and it is Theology deals with is words. It is the task of the individual counselor to construe both the