Style Approach to Leadership Essay - 1588 Words

In the investigation of the various characteristics and styles of leadership the emphasis of the style approach is the focus on the actions and behavioral characteristics of the leader. There are two behaviors of the style approach that researchers have observed: task behaviors and relationship behaviors (Northouse, 2007). People who are in roles of leadership should possess both behaviors to be successful in their position and maintain motivation and the quest for achievement in their subordinates. Task behaviors are those traits that keep others motivated to work to complete objectives. Relationship behaviors are characteristics and actions that leaders possess that make others feel respected and want to work towards goals. Unlike other†¦show more content†¦I trust that they, unlike me, have the knowledge to design creative and effective media to enhance the course instruction. However, I do ensure that I lead them to focus on creating media that clarifies the objectives I need to complete for the course. I do not have experience in being a leader in a situation where I am with a group of peers; therefore I knew my task behavior score would be below average. In one particular course, I tried to take a creative lead and purposely directed my media developers to develop media that I thought was correct, however, during the process of the course I quickly learned that I should have held a more passive role in the leadership process of the media content. Since the completion of that course, I have learned that sometimes to be a leader you must fail in order to learn what you should have done differently. In this instance, I learned that in order to be a good leader to my media team, I need to communicate to them what I want and then allow them to take a creative lead to create meaningful media for the instruction. Monty Python, a writer and producer in the movie industry is quoted as saying, â€Å"It’s self-evident that if we can’t take t he risk of saying or doing something wrong, our creativity goes right out the window†¦. The essence of creativity is not the possession of some special talent; it is much more the ability to play† (Bennis,Show MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Evaluating An Enhanced Approach3145 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction In this essay I will be reflecting on leadership styles and evaluating an enhanced approach. Leadership consists of people, authority, influence, change, direction, purpose and unified achievement (Youki, 2013). Leadership is needed throughout many situations in life, and without this there would be little unity and sense of direction within teams. To get a task completed there needs to be a person with the confidence to clearly and concisely convey what to do and who should do it. ThereforeRead MoreApplication Of Situational Approach For Teaching Leadership Style1923 Words   |  8 PagesApplication Situational Approach This theory is one of my favorites, especially in regards to my challenge of bringing individuals together. The luxury of the situational approach and the flexibility of being able to adapt my leadership style to various situations are instrumental in the success of the group. The practicality of this approach, and ease of use, makes this style of leadership invaluable in the application of directive or supportive roles towards group members in diverse situationsRead MoreThe Personal Characteristics, Behavioral Approach, And Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs1972 Words   |  8 Pagespersonal characteristics, behavioral approach, and leadership style of Steve Jobs. A leadership inclination is quality, which is considered necessary for all senior executives, and not just for the general director. One human resources specialist described the search for the head of the information department: Previously, specialized knowledge would have been in the first place, but now more attention is paid to leadership skills than technical ones. What kind of leadership are required experts differedRead MoreLeadership Style Does Not Automatically Suit All Leadership Situations1716 Words   |  7 PagesOne leadership style does not automatically suit all leadership situations. An accomplished leader requires an awareness of when to be at variance with their leadership approach in accordance to a situation, in order to achieve successful outcomes while corresponding with the interests of group and its members. As clearly evident in an educational context, differing styles of leadership are required from a hierarchical perspective between staff and staff and staff and student interaction. For principalsRead MoreLeadership And Ethics Of Leadership1448 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Ethics Leadership styles and approaches vary from situation to situation, including the personality, knowledge, skills, and abilities of the leader and the followers. Employees teach the leader how to lead them. Their competence, ability, and willingness to complete a task are indicators, which assist the direction of leadership the leader takes. Keeping all of this in mind, we will describe and analyze the Situational and Style leadership approaches. Situational Leadership Read MoreLeadership Theories Of Leadership And Leadership Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is important because it helps followers reach a common goal. There have been several studies based on effective leadership. The definition of leadership has evolved over the years adapting to the different views of the world. Leaders have influence on their followers they are looked up to. Being a leader means there will be interaction with different behaviors and personalities. Effective leaders sometimes have to adjust their style approach by the situation they are in. Every followersRead MoreSituational Theory And Situational Leadership1542 Words   |  7 PagesSITUATIONAL APPROACH Developed by Hersey and Blanchard based on Reddin s 3-D management style theory, the situational approach to leadership, is a very broadly used and accepted leadership style and it is used in a lot of organizations for leadership training and development (Northouse, 2012). The main premise of the Situational Leadership approach is that there is no one size fits all to leadership style and that different types of situations will require different kinds of leadership. In order toRead MoreApproaches to Contemporary Leadership Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary Leadership: The concept of leadership is an issue that has elicited considerable debate in the recent past to an extent that there is an extensive body of research and literature that addresses the issue. Some of the most common issues in the wide range of literature on this issue include scientific investigation, fiction, and biographies (Truckenbrodt, 2000, p.233). This concept has generated such concerns because leadership influences politics, academics, organizations, militaryRead MoreThe Situational Approach And Contingency Theory1617 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many dissimilar leadership approaches leaders can employ when working toward meeting goals and in situations. But the two approaches, I will be discussing are the situational approach and contingency theory. These two approaches are the same, but yet they are dissimilar. According to Hanks (n.d), â€Å"the situational approach and contingency theory describes how different approaches to leadership can help owners and manager s reach their goals.† The situational approach was developed in 1969 byRead MoreThe Contributing Factors to Being a Good Leader When Involved in Racket Team and Individual Activities709 Words   |  3 PagesThe Contributing Factors to Being a Good Leader When Involved in Racket Team and Individual Activities In this essay I will look at what makes a good leader? Different styles of leadership and how you will have to change your leadership styles to suit different activities. There are a lot of things that you need to become a good leader. For example you have to be: * A good communicator * Respected * Empathetic * Knowledgeable * A role

Essay on Thomas Jefferson Hero or Hypocrite - 1423 Words

During the 18th Century America was dealing with independence from Europe and trying to establish them as a strong country. As far as government goes, a monarchal government was not in question. Many people saw great opportunity to step up and contribute ideas that will make America into the country of preference. One of these men was 3rd president and member of the original founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson. While most Americans view Thomas Jefferson as an upstanding and honorable man, he was plagued with the moral contradiction of having fathered children with one of his slaves Sally Heming’s and as a result spurred a great deal of controversy. As a result of his action’s Jefferson’s virtuous demeanor is questioned and shows how†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jefferson often referred to his college town as devilsburg.† When most young men where out drinking Jefferson was preferred to be in his books studying. It’s no surprise that he excell ed in such subjects as calculus, Greek, Spanish, grammar, and classical literature. William and Mary granted him an honorary degree in 1782. After college Jefferson went on to study law with George Wythe. He practiced law from 1761 to 1774. Thomas Jefferson did not believe in racial equality, and thought that blacks were intellectually inferior. However in one of the most important documents in American history is the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson himself, he says †We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by there creator...† Jefferson knew that his ownership of slaves contradicted his principles. What Jefferson wanted most was for slaves to one day be free, he wanted them to go back to Africa. He refused to grant freedom to his own slaves because of their significances to his wealth, but overall he condemned slavery. Thomas Jefferson began building Monticello in 1770, his estate that was more than 10,000 acres. Over 180 slaves occupied and cared his estate while he was away. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skleton and moved her into his home at Monticello. Martha came from a well-established family; John Wayles her father was aShow MoreRelatedThe Real Lincoln : A New Look At Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, And An Unnecessary War New1379 Words   |  6 PagesDilorenzo, Thomas J. The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War New York: Three Rivers Press. Thomas J. Dilorenzo is the author of the book The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War. Dr. Dilorenzo is an economics professor at the Sellinge School of Business and management, where he published over eleven books. His focus is mostly on economic history and political economics. It became evident to Thomas that the teachingsRead More Augustine St. Clare of Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe2980 Words   |  12 Pagesthere remains one big moral question that is not as easily answered. This is the question of the character of Augustine St. Clare--a man who espouses great ideals on the evils of slavery,   yet continues to hold his own slaves.   Is he a hero because of his   beliefs or a villain because of his actions?   And just how important is this question to understanding and responding to the novel, as a whole?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If St. Clare were a minor character, showing up in just aRead MoreBiography of President Andrew Jackson Essay2828 Words   |  12 PagesJoseph G., Jr.). Jackson’s political career came to a temporary end at the beginning of the 1800s. Longing for adventure and to relive his boyhood life, Jackson entered into military life early in the century, and would slowly become an American war hero. Jackson’s first claim to fame on the battlefield came in 1814 at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, where he fought against the Seminoles of Florida, who had massacred a few hundred white settlers. Jackson’s victory at Horseshoe Bend gained him much notorietyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Virginian Luxuries Pictures Essay2301 Words   |  10 Pageswealth and distinction... He has so framed the laws of divorce, as what shall be the proper causes, and in a case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be given†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stanton 1:240). The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 were entitled that women want to be equal to men so that women were enabled to make waves with an unjust government that didn’t stick to their word. Document 4 reveals two women, two men, and two different gender children. In â€Å"The Discord†Read More Larry Flynt: Confronting Sex and Politics in America Essay3993 Words   |  16 PagesClinton (Phillips, 25 January 1999) helped to legitimize Flynt’s pursuits. Flynt’s rhetoric has questionable aspects, but the response of his accused gave a level of legitimacy to Flynt’s plight. He was not out to prove all the actions of the hypocrites; his purpose was to cast a shadow of doubt about the immortality of certain Republican individuals. Flynt was successful in casting a shadow of doubt, regardless of his supporting materials. Flynt received a large amount of attention, due toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Madison, WI: Mendota House/Irwin, 2011) Other Interests Although he cannot keep up (literally!) with Dr. Robbin’s accomplishments on the track, Dr. Judge enjoys golf, cooking and baking, literature (he’s a particular fan of Thomas Hardy and is a member of the Thomas Hardy Society), and keeping up with his three children, who range in age from 23 to 9. Preface Welcome to the fifteenth edition of Organizational Behavior! Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooks

A Brief History of American Political Parties Free Essays

One will be making a wrong assumption to believe that the political parties we hear and see today just sprang and start existing in a day. These parties have come a long way and definitely have where they are coming from and where they are going. In this essay, I will attempt a brief and concise of the major political parties in America. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief History of American Political Parties or any similar topic only for you Order Now This I intend to achieve in the following paragraphs. First, the major political parties that I will focus on in my essay will be the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, not that there are no other political parties but time and space will not allow me to make an exposition into their history. Apart from the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, we have other majority parties like Libertarian Party, the Constitution Party and the Green Party as majority parties. The Democratic Party has come a long way to be the oldest political party in America and is presumably the oldest in the world. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded the Democratic Party in 1792 with other rivals of the then Federalist Party. The party was called Democratic-Republican Party. This was the platform that gave Thomas Jefferson the opportunity to be the Democratic President of the United States in 1800. The list of presidents the Democratic Party has produced is; Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Quincy Adams, William J Bryan, Franklin D Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Bill Clinton. The Republican Party is the second majority party in America. Anti-slavery expansion activists and modernizers founded it in 1854. The popularity of the Republican Party rose when Abraham Lincoln was voted president to be the foremost Republican president in the America. One notable thing is the role the party played in the American Civil War and Reconstruction. The party has had the seat in the white house under the auspices of Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, Reagan and Bush. In terms of position, the Republican Party is rather socially conventional and economically tolerant. The Libertarian Party was founded in December of 1971 and is regarded as the third largest party in the United States. The party has its members in public office and is most popular of the other continuing third parties. Another third party that is worth mentioning is the Green Party that was founded in 1984. The philosophies that are linked with this political party are Green Politics, Liberalism and Progressivism. The party gained prominence during the Raphael Nadar’s campaign in 1996 and 2000. Also, it will be important to consider the Constitution Party of America, which was founded in 1992 and was regarded as the U.S. Taxpayers Party but the name of the party was altered in 1999. The party can be credited to have produced a public officer in Montana by the name Rick Jore. Reference: Greenfield, Steve (March 20, 2005) â€Å"The Decline of the Green Party.† CommonDreams.org www.prenhall.com/magleby How to cite A Brief History of American Political Parties, Papers

Management Accounting Purpose of Managerial Person

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Purpose of Managerial Person. Answer: Introduction Bonza Hand tools Ltd. power drill manufacturer is currently producing and selling 20000 units of power drill, now management wants to increase its overall profit.For the same purpose different managerial person has been asked to submit their own proposal. Suggested proposals include increase in sales price, increase in product quality and reduction in sales price. Analysis Analysis of the proposals is given below: Present Proposal - 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3 Sales Qty (In Units) 20000 20000 25000 24000 Selling Price p.u 130 140 130 120 Variable Manufacturing Cost p.u 50 50 55 50 Variable Selling Administration Cost p.u 30 30 30 30 Contribution per unit 50 60 45 40 Total contribution 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,125,000 960,000 Fixed Manufacturing cost 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 Fixed Selling cost 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 Additional advertismenst cost - 125,000 50,000 40,000 Profit 300,000 375,000 375,000 220,000 Results Proposal one Accountants proposal to increase the selling price by $10 per unit will increase overall profit of $75,000. But increasing the selling price and simultaneously increasing the advertisement cost will not help in long term. Sales price increase may lead to loss of current customer in future also. Proposal two Production managers proposal to increase the production quality which cost the company $5 per unit, is a nice idea as it will leads to increase in sales quantity and built a brand image too. By additional advertisement cost of $50000 per year, company will sale more quantity and profit of the company will increase by $ 75,000 which is same as Jan Rossis proposal. Proposal three Reducing sales price and incurring additional cost to increase 4000 units of quantity sales is not good idea as it will reduce the current level profit. Discussion and Conclusion Various alternatives provide different level of profit. But we have to check which alternative is better in long run. In todays competitive environment quality is key to succeed. Accountants Ross and production managers proposal is different but giving same level of profit. Now if we see companys future growth and in lon term prospective its better to charge less and provide good quality. So we should go for production managers proposal of increasing quality of the product which will help the company in long term. And this proposal is giving the maximum profit also. (Bhattacharya 2011) 2. The Tassie companys estimated sales quantity for the next year is 150,000 units. Variable cost per unit is as follows: Direct Material Cost $2.50 Direct Labour Cost 3.00 Variable Factory Overhead 1.50 Variable Selling and Administrative Cost 2.00 Total variable Cost per unit 9.00 Contribution per unit = 15 9 = $6 per unit Now, the company has an option to sell additional 40000 units to a government department. For that purpose we have to check variable cost and additional cost (if any) due to contract. But in this case there is no additional cost. Fixed cost will not change due to acceptance of the offer so we will ignore the fixed factory overhead and fixed selling and administrative overhead for decision making. (Agarwal 2013) If company has capacity of 200000 units of production, then company can easily sell additional quantity without hampering its current market demand. Bid price should be fixed in a manned that at least variable cost of the product can be recovered. Minimum bid price = $ 9 per unit If company wants to earn same level of profit from sale to government department, then bid price should be $9 + 25% profit margin = $11.25 per unit. If company has capacity of only 180000 units then we cant produce additional 40000 units for government supply. If we supply to government then we have to lose our current customer which leads to loss in revenue.(L.M. Walther, C J Skousen, 2011) If Government is ready to accept 30000 units, then we can supply them without losing current sales. So bid price for 30000 units should be $ 9 to $ 11.25 per unit. However if government is not ready to accept 30000 units then, we have to recover profit of 10000 units which we can earn through market sales. Benefit to be loosed due to sale to government: Selling price variable cost = 15 9 = $ 6 per unit Bid price for additional 10000 units = Variable cost + benefit to be loosed = $9 + $6 = $15 Average minimum bid price for 30000 units = (30000*9 + 10000*15)/40000 = $ 10.5 per unit Summary of minimum bid price at different capacity and at different acceptance level quanity is as follows: Capacity 30000 units 40000 units 200000 Units $9 $9 180000 Units $9 $10.5 3. Salaries and depreciation can be become assets in following cases: Any expense related with project period should be capitalized on books and salary payable to different employee should be capitalized which will increase the assets valuation. If an employee is hired for installation of new machinery only which leads to increase in capacity, then his salaried cost can be capitalized, as employee is hired only for increasing production capacity. In normal circumstances, depreciation is charged after commencement of production, deprecation is normally charged as revenue expenses. Depreciation cant become assets. Depreciation is always revenue expenses which are charged against reduction in value of assets. Advance salary paid to employee is also prepaid expense, which can be shown as asset in balance sheet. As any prepaid expense which is paid for the future period are assets for the company. 4. Overhead allocation rate is used for allocating indirect costs. Since process is labour-intensive, we will use labour hours as base for allocating indirect cost. Indirect costs $98,400 Labour hours 25795 Per hour indirect cost/ overhead allocation rate: $ 98400/25795 = $ 3.82 per hour Direct labour cost per hour : Direct labour cost / Direct labour hours : $ 327,600/25,795 = $12.70 per hour Total cost of special order is as follows: Qty (a) Rate (b) Total Cost (a*b) Direct Material 2100 Kg 16.10 33,810 Direct Labour 1400 Hrs 12.70 17,780 Indirect cost 1400 Hrs 3.82 5,341 Total Cost $ 56,931 If ABC Ltd uses machine hours as the basis for allocating overhead cost, then we have to revised overhead allocation rate which will be based on machine hour. Revised overhead allocation rate: $98400/ 9840 = $10 per machine hour Revised total cost is as follows: Qty (a) Rate (b) Total Cost (a*b) Direct Material 2100 16.10 33,810 Direct Labour 1400 12.70 17,780 Indirect cost 525 10.00 5,250 Total Cost 56,840 Minimum price is the price which is directly linked with the production of the product. Indirect expenses are not relevant for the decision making, as indirect costs are sunk cost due to future commitment. So minimum price is calculated as follows: Qty (a) Rate (b) Total Cost (a*b) Direct Material 2100 16.10 33,810 Direct Labour 1400 12.70 17,780 Prime Cost for 350 trailers 51,590 Minimum price for a trailer $ 147 Activity based costing is method of cost allocation where all costs are allocated with the help of cost driver. Activity based costing is useful for those products where product is prepared through various process or for those organization where different cost drivers are simultaneously consuming costs. Example, Hospital provides various services at the same time to different customers, some customers use various services or some customers use few services. So based on the actual consumption of services, with the help of activity based costing hospital can charge a customer fair value.(L.M. Walther, C J Skousen, 2011) Traditional overhead cost method accumulate the total indirect cost, and allocate the whole cost based on any specific cost driver. ABC uses various cost drivers at the same time while segmented costing uses just a single cost allocation method either labour hours or machine hours in most of the cases. By pooling all indirect cost and allocating with the help of single allocation basis, sometimes organization reaches to a wrong decision. Since Activity based costing uses various cost drivers for allocation of various indirect costs, it helps in greater manner for price determination. References: L.M. Walther, C J Skousen, 2011, Budgeting and Decision Making Exercise 2, 1St Edition L.M. Walther, C J Skousen, 2011, Managerial and Accounting Exercise IV, 1 st Edition Averkamp, H. n.d.. When should costs be expensed and when should costs be capitalized? , Viewed on 09 September 2016 https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/when-should-costs-be-expensed-and-when-should-costs-be-capitalized Bilant, S. n.d.. Activity-Based Costing: Definition, Formula Examples.Viewed on 09 September 2016, https://study.com/academy/lesson/activity-based-costing-definition-formula-examples.html Eric Bank, s. n.d.. Capitalized Labor vs. Expensed Labor. Viwed on 9 Setember 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/capitalized-labor-vs-expensed-labor-76652.html Hoyle, K. H. (n.d.). 3.2 Approaches to Allocating Overhead Costs. Viewed on 9 September 2016, Avilable https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com: https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/4402?e=heisinger_1.0-ch03_s02